A mobile vertical panel featuring various pipe confi gurations to demonstrate fl ow and losses in diff erent pipes, fi ttings and valves. Includes Pitot tube, Venturi and orifi ce meters for fl ow measurement.
Key Features
• Works with TecQuipment’s Digital Hydraulic Bench for easy installation
• Includes diff erent valves, pipes and fi ttings to show losses
• Includes experiments on roughened pipes
• Uses Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible fl uid flow
• Demonstrates how to use Venturi and orifi ce meters to measure flow
• Includes a traversing Pitot tube to measure velocity profi le and flow
Learning Outcomes
• Use of the Pitot static tube
• Flow measurement using a Venturi meter and an orifi ce meter
• Smooth pipes
• Artifi cially roughened pipe
• Straight pipe loss
• Sudden expansion and contraction
• Bends and elbows
• Valves
• In-line strainer
Key Specifications
• Venturi and orifi ce meters
• Three circuits
• Three downstream valves
• Three 90-degree bends
• Three-way piezometer
• Pressure gauge
Description
TecQuipment’s Fluid Friction Apparatus allows detailed studies of fl ow, fl ow measurement techniques and losses in a wide variety of pipes and fittings.
The equipment has three water circuits with instruments, pipes and pipe fi ttings including a diff erent valve on each circuit. The valves are downstream of each circuit to avoid upstream turbulence. The innermost of the three circuits has interchangeable sections that include the orifice, Venturi, Pitot, roughened pipe and the strainer. A mobile, space-saving vertical panel holds all the pipes and fi ttings for easy use.
TecQuipment’s Digital Hydraulic Bench (H1F, available separately)* supplies the circuits with a controlled and measured fl ow of water.
To measure pressure loss across each part, students use a piezometer set and diff erential pressure gauge (included). To adjust the datum water level in the tubes of the piezometer set, students connect a hand-pump (included) to the air valve above the tubes.
To perform experiments students set the hydraulic bench to pump water through a circuit and measure pressure losses through the pipes and fittings. They also fi nd the losses in a rapid enlargement and contraction. Several pipe sections are of different diameter to show how this affects pressure loss.
The Venturi meter and orifice plate instruments show students two common methods of measuring water flow. They also give applications of Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible fluid flow. Students use them to measure flow and compare the losses of each.
The equipment also includes a Pitot-static tube. By traversing the Pitot across the pipe diameter, students can find the velocity profile and flow coefficients. They also find the relationship between the flow rate and pressure differential.
An artifi cially roughened pipe allows students to study friction factor at different Reynolds numbers. They can compare results to those predicted by Nickuradse’s results and a Moody chart.
Essential Base Unit
• Digital Hydraulic Bench (H1F)*
*This product will also work with existing TecQuipment Gravimetric and Volumetric Hydraulic Benches (H1 and H1D)
